SHIFTING PARADIGM IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: FROM HUMAN TO MACHINE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF BENEFITS, RISK AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES

Abstract

Artificial intelligence has grown markedly, transitioning from a futuristic concept in a highly technological world to something present and prevalent in everyday life. One of its most controversial applications is its emerging use as a psychotherapist. A literature search was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar to identify qualitative and quantitative studies, as well as real-world cases, centered on the use of chatbots and conversational tools in treating psychological illnesses. This review provides a critical evaluation of the potential benefits and threats of placing AI in therapeutic roles. By examining clinical and social risks as well as ethical challenges—along with reported failures and case scenarios—the paper outlines the narrow line between assistance and harm in the digitalization of psychotherapy. The intention is not to dismiss the possible benefits of AI, but to analyze the conditions under which it may become a major threat and to highlight the safeguards required to protect patient well-being. We recommend a hybrid approach in which AI